ABSTRACT
Background: Ozanimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, is approved in the European Union and United States for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) and relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). A previous analysis of data from UC and multiple sclerosis (MS) open-label extension (OLE) studies showed that most patients with confirmed coronavirus infection (COVID-19) had nonserious infections, recovered, and did not require ozanimod discontinuation. Some immunomodulators and biologics may attenuate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine response;therefore, this analysis evaluated humoral immune responses and predictors of response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with RMS treated with ozanimod. Method(s): RMS participants who completed a phase 1-3 ozanimod trial could enter an OLE trial (DAYBREAK;NCT02576717) of ozanimod 0.92 mg/d. This analysis (January 2020-October 2021) included DAYBREAK participants receiving mRNA or non-mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (1-2 doses, vaccine-dependent) with no evidence of recent infection (ie, nucleocapsid antibody negative). Receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers were analysed (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay;Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) prevaccination, after 1 dose, and <4, 4-8, 8-12, and >12 weeks after full vaccination. Fisher's exact tests and regression models determined association with seroconversion and log2 antibody levels. Result(s): Demographics were similar between the mRNA and nonmRNA vaccine recipients (Table). Seroconversion (>=0.8 U/mL spike RBD antibody) occurred in 100% (80/80) of fully vaccinated mRNA recipients and 62% (18/29) of fully vaccinated non-mRNA vaccine recipients. Higher spike RBD antibody levels were seen with mRNA (grand mean: 512.6 U/mL, range: 1.3-4572.0) vs non-mRNA (grand mean: 39.3 U/mL, range: 0.4-368.5) vaccines at all time points studied. Vaccination with a non-mRNA vaccine predicted lower antibody levels (beta: -5.90 [95% CI: -6.99 to -4.82];P<0.0001) and less seroconversion (Fisher's exact: P<0.0001), whereas age, sex, body mass index, and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) did not. Conclusion(s): Participants receiving ozanimod developed humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with 100% seroconversion after mRNA vaccination;this was independent of demographic characteristics and ALC levels at time of vaccination. However, some participants developed lower antibody concentrations and may benefit from booster doses. These findings provide important information for physicians managing ozanimod-treated patients with UC or MS.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies, including sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, may attenuate the response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination. Objective(s): To describe the serological response and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in ozanimodtreated participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) in an open-label extension (OLE) trial. Method(s): Participants with RMS who completed a phase 1-3 ozanimod trial could enter an OLE trial (DAYBREAK-NCT02576717) of ozanimod 0.92 mg/d. This analysis (January 2020-October 2021 [serology] and January 2022 [clinical outcomes]) included DAYBREAK participants who received SARSCoV-2 vaccines (fully vaccinated) and/or had COVID-19 adverse events. Receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody levels and nucleocapsid antibody positivity were analysed using Roche Elecsys assays. Log2 RBD antibody levels were compared between groups using t-tests. Result(s): Among the 148 vaccinated participants with serological data, 39 participants had serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 exposure. After full vaccination, RBD seroconversion occurred in 100% (n=39/39) of nucleocapsid antibody positive and most (n=98/109) nucleocapsid antibody negative participants (with 100% seroconversion in nucleocapsid antibody negative participants receiving mRNA vaccines [n=80/80]). Significantly higher RBD antibody levels were observed in the vaccinated nucleocapsid antibody positive vs negative vaccinated participants (median [range], U/mL: 2259 [12.4-44260.0] vs 138 [0.4-4572.0], respectively, P<0.0001). COVID-19 adverse events were reported in 15/148 participants, all nonserious events (confirmed=12, suspected= 3). Ozanimod treatment was continued in 9 participants and interrupted in 5 (1 unknown). Eleven participants recovered by the time of data cut off, and one recovered with sequelae (cough and loss of sense of smell). Conclusion(s): Participants with RMS receiving ozanimod mount a serologic response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. COVID-19 events in these fully vaccinated participants were nonserious. A limitation of this research is its retrospective nature and the potential for selection bias towards higher-risk individuals.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Ozanimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 and 5 modulator approved in multiple countries for treatment of adults with relapsing forms of MS (RMS) or moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Objective(s): To describe incidence rates (IRs) of treatmentemergent adverse events (TEAEs) in patients with RMS treated with ozanimod 0.92 mg in phase 3 and open-label extension (OLE) trials. Method(s): In phase 3 trials, adults with RMS were randomised to oral ozanimod 0.46 or 0.92 mg/d or intramuscular interferon beta-1a 30 mug/wk for >=12 months (SUNBEAM-NCT02294058) or 24 months (RADIANCE-NCT02047734). Completers were eligible to enrol in the ongoing OLE trial (DAYBREAK-NCT02576717) of ozanimod 0.92 mg/d. IRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI)/1000 person years (PY;100,000 PY for malignancies) were calculated for TEAEs during the pooled phase 3 trials and at yearly intervals during the OLE (2 Feb 2021 cutoff). Result(s): In patients treated with continuous ozanimod 0.92 mg (n=882), the IR [95%CI]/1000 PY decreased over time (from phase 3 to OLE >36 months) for overall TEAEs (896.1 [826.8-971.3] vs 259.1 [180.0-372.8]);infections (300.5 [268.9-335.9] vs 144.9 [109.2-192.3]);opportunistic infections (12.0 [7.4-19.6] vs 4.3 [1.4-13.3]);cardiac disorder TEAEs (22.8 [16.0-32.7] vs 4.2 [1.4-13.0]);and hepatic disorder TEAEs (77.0 [63.1-94.0] vs 15.1 [8.1-28.1]). The most common opportunistic infections in phase 3 trials and the OLE were oral herpes and herpes zoster (including varicella zoster virus). IRs remained relatively stable for serious TEAEs (31.2 [23.0-42.4] vs 30.5 [19.7-47.3]), malignancies (372.2 [120.8-868.5] vs 276.7 [33.5-999.6]/100,000 PY), confirmed macular edema (n/N, 1/882;0.7 [0.1-5.3] vs n/N, 1/687;1.4 [0.2-9.8]), and pulmonary TEAEs (11.3 [6.8-18.7] vs 0.0 [0.0-9.9]). The IR for serious infections remained relatively stable until OLE >36 months, at which time the IR increased (6.7 [3.5-12. 9] vs 9.8 [4.7-20.6]), which may be partially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common serious infections were appendicitis (n/N, 3/882) and pyelonephritis acute (n/N, 1/882) (phase 3), and pneumonia (n/N, 4/762) and coronavirus infection (n/N, 3/762) (OLE). Most coronavirus infections were nonserious (31/34 [91.2%]). Conclusion(s): In this post hoc analysis, IRs of TEAEs in patients with RMS treated with continuous ozanimod 0.92 mg in phase 3 and OLE trials generally declined or remained stable over up to 5 years of observation time.
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Introduction: Ozanimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 and 5 modulator, is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of adults with either relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) or moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Objective(s): To report the safety and efficacy of extended exposure to ozanimod from an ongoing open-label extension (OLE) trial. Method(s): Patients with RMS who completed a phase 1, 2, or 3 ozanimod trial were eligible to enrol in DAYBREAK (NCT02576717), where they received ozanimod 0.92 mg/d. The primary objective was to evaluate safety in the overall population;treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were monitored. Efficacy was evaluated with annualised relapse rate (ARR), calculated via negative binomial regression and pooled for all parent-trial treatment groups. Number of new/ enlarging T2 and gadolinium-enhancing (GdE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain lesions were reported for patients who entered the OLE from an active-controlled phase 3 trial. Result(s): In total, 2639 patients completed the parent trials;this interim analysis (datacut 1 February 2022) included 2494 patients with mean (range) ozanimod exposure of 56.4 (0.03- 74.7) months (11732.2 patient-years) in the OLE. In the OLE, 2199 patients (88.2%) had any TEAE, 352 (14.1%) had a serious TEAE (SAE), and 89 (3.6%) discontinued due to a TEAE. Similar rates of TEAEs and SAEs occurred when assessed by parent trial treatment group. The most common TEAEs (based on preferred terms) were nasopharyngitis (20.6%), headache (16.9%), upper respiratory tract infection (11.9%), COVID- 19 infection (11.5%), and lymphopenia (10.5%), which were generally similar to parent trial observations (excluding COVID-19 infection). Adjusted ARR in the OLE was 0.099 (95% CI, 0.083-0.119). After 60 months of treatment, 68% of patients were relapse free in the OLE. Three- and 6-month confirmed disability progression was observed in 15.9% and 14.0% of patients in the OLE, respectively. Mean number of new/enlarging T2 lesions per scan at 60 months was similar, regardless of parent trial treatment group (range, 0.77-0.98), as was mean number of GdE lesions at month 60 (range, 0.057-0.065). Conclusion(s): The safety and tolerability profile of ozanimod in DAYBREAK was consistent with prior reports. Ozanimod treatment demonstrated sustained efficacy on clinical and MRI measures of disease activity and on disability progression.
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Introduction: Understanding how immunomodulatory therapies influence COVID-19 outcomes in people living with multiple sclerosis (PlwMS) is vital to patients and physicians alike. Aims and Objective: Evaluate COVID-19 outcomes in PlwMS receiving either fingolimod or siponimod. Method(s): The Novartis clinical trial (CT) and safety databases were reviewed to identify confirmed (CT: confirmed if patient is SARS COV-2 positive;post-marketing [PM]: considered as reported) or suspected cases of COVID-19 in PlwMS receiving either fingolimod or siponimod (CT cut-off: fingolimod 04-Aug- 2021, siponimod 29-Oct-2021;PM cut-off: fingolimod 28-Feb- 2022, siponimod 25-Mar-2022). Result(s): For fingolimod, there were 1054 cases comprising of 45 suspected (PM=45) and 1009 confirmed cases (CT=9;PM=1,000) of COVID-19 (mean age in years: 17 [CT], 43 [PM];female: 71% [715/1009;CT=4, PM=711];male: 25% [254/1009;CT=5, PM=249] and not reported: 4% [40/1009;PM=40]). Of these, 35% (358/1009;CT=8, PM=349) were from Europe, 30% (305/1009;PM=305) from the US and 34% (347/1009;CT=1, PM=346) from the rest of the world (ROW). Hospitalisation was required for 13% of patients (130/1009;PM=130);1% (13/1009;PM=13) had a fatal outcome;and 43% (437/1009;CT=9, PM=428) recovered or were recovering at the most recent follow-up. For siponimod there were 321 cases comprising of 6 suspected (CT=1;PM=5) and 315 confirmed cases (CT=53;PM=262) of COVID-19 (mean age in years: 49 [CT], 53 [PM];female: 68% [214/315;CT=34, PM=180];male: 28% [88/315;CT=19, PM=69] and not reported: 4% [13/315;PM=13]). Of these, 53% (168/315;CT=6, PM=162) were from the US;30% (96/315;CT=46, PM=50) from Europe;and 16% (51/315;CT=1, PM=50) from the ROW. Hospitalisation was required for 19% of patients (60/315;CT=15, PM=45);2% (7/315;CT=3, PM=4) had a fatal outcome;and where information was provided 42% (131/315 CT=50, PM=81) recovered or were recovering at the most recent follow-up. Conclusion(s): Available data indicates that most COVID-19 cases among PlwMS treated with fingolimod or siponimod were nonserious. Among PlwMS exposed to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), the reported hospitalisation and mortality rates are 12.8%-21.5% and 1.62%-3.5%, respectively (Reder et al 2021;Sormani et al 2022). Thus, hospitalisation and fatality rates with siponimod and fingolimod in these series of Novartis reported cases were similar to those observed in PlwMS on other DMTs.
ABSTRACT
Background: Ozanimod, a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor S1P1 and S1P5 modulator, is approved in the United States for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) and in multiple countries for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). We describe COVID-19 outcomes in ozanimod-treated UC or MS patients (pts) in active phase 3 openlabel extension (OLE) studies. Methods: A database search identified COVID-19 infection reports in ozanimod-treated pts with UC in the True North OLE and MS in the DAYBREAK OLE. The analysis period was November 1, 2019 to either August 31, 2021 (UC) or May 10, 2021 (MS). The last COVID-19 event from all pts with ≥1 event was analyzed. Results: Among 2792 ozanimod-treated pts with UC or MS, 258 developed COVID-19 (confirmed: 215);thus, the incidence in these clinical trial settings was 9.2% during the analysis periods. Most pts with confirmed cases (193/215 [89.8%]) had nonserious infections not requiring hospitalization or meeting other International Conference on Harmonisation criteria for a serious event. Of 611 ozanimod-treated pts with UC, 68 (11.1%) developed COVID-19 (confirmed: 55;Fig 1). A majority of UC pts with confirmed cases (45/55 [81.8%]) had nonserious COVID-19;most (54/55 [98.2%]) recovered (2 with sequalae) and 1 was recovering at data cutoff. One UC pt with confirmed COVID-19 discontinued ozanimod (1.8%), 23 temporarily interrupted it (41.8%), and 31 had no change to treatment (56.4%). No COVID-19-related deaths were reported in UC pts. Of 2181 ozanimod-treated pts with MS, 190 (8.7%) developed COVID-19 (confirmed: 160;Fig 2). Most MS pts with confirmed COVID-19 (148/160 [92.5%]) had nonserious cases;most (158/160 [98.8%]) recovered (5 with sequelae) (Fig 1). No MS pts with confirmed cases discontinued ozanimod, 61 temporarily interrupted it (38.1%), and 99 had no change to treatment (61.9%). Outcomes in 13 additional UC pts (Fig 1) and 30 additional MS pts (Fig 2) with suspected COVID-19 were similar to those with confirmed cases. There were 3 COVID-19-related deaths in the MS program. One pt died from a presumed pulmonary embolism;this pt had received high-dose corticosteroids for MS relapse immediately before COVID-19 symptom onset. Another pt died from suspected COVID-19-related respiratory failure. One tetraplegic, cachectic pt died from a lung abscess following COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: In the UC and MS OLE studies, most pts with confirmed COVID-19 had nonserious infections, recovered, and did not require ozanimod discontinuation. There were 3 deaths in MS patients (casefatality rate 1.6% in MS, 1.2% overall).
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Per WHO, >190 million people worldwide have been affected by COVID-19 as of 20-Jul-2021. Although people with MS are not at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, factors such as age, comorbidity, MS severity and treatment with DMTs may affect COVID-19 severity and outcomes. Understanding the risks, severity and outcomes of COVID-19 in people with MS receiving DMTs, including anti-CD20 DMTs, is important to healthcare practitioners (HCPs) managing MS. Objectives: To report the characteristics and outcomes of COVID- 19 adverse events (AEs) in relapsing MS (RMS) patients taking ofatumumab enrolled in the ongoing, open-label, long-term extension Phase 3b ALITHIOS study and from post-marketing surveillance of people receiving ofatumumab 20 mg subcutaneously. Methods: Patient demographics, baseline characteristics, incidence of COVID-19 AEs, seriousness category (including hospitalization), severity, outcomes, ofatumumab exposure before the start of infection, and action taken with ofatumumab were assessed. Results: As of 29-Jan-2021, 139/1703 (8.2%) patients enrolled in ALITHIOS (mean±SD age at baseline: 37.7±8.7 years;female, 64%) treated with ofatumumab reported COVID-19 AEs (confirmed: 115 [82.7%];suspected: 24 [17.3%]). Of these, 10 (7.2%) experienced COVID-19 serious AEs and all 10 (7.2%) were hospitalized. Most AEs reported were mild (Grade [G] 1;69 [49.6%]) or moderate (G2;62 [44.6%]) in severity. Severe (G3) and life threatening (G4) AEs were reported in 6 (4.3%) and 2 (1.4%) patients, respectively. One (0.7%) patient (48-year-old at COVID- 19 onset;BMI 28.3 kg/m2;recent MS relapse) with confirmed COVID-19 and pneumonia had a fatal outcome. At data cut-off, most patients (128 [92.1%]) had recovered from COVID-19 AEs;2 (1.4%) were recovering, 4 (2.9%) had recovered with sequelae and 4 (2.9%) had not recovered. COVID-19 AEs led to temporary interruption of ofatumumab in 22 (15.8%) patients. As of 31-Jan- 2021, an additional 28 RMS patients with COVID-19 AEs were identified in the Novartis safety database. Further details to be presented. Conclusions: In ALITHIOS, 139 RMS patients on ofatumumab reported COVID-19 AEs (as of 31-Jan-2021). Most (94%) COVID-19 cases were mild or moderate in severity. There were few hospitalizations but one fatal outcome. At data cut-off, most (92%) patients had recovered/resolved from COVID-19. ALITHIOS data extends the understanding of the long-term safety profile of ofatumumab in people living with MS.
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Introduction: Inebilizumab is approved in the USA and Japan for aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin (Ig)G seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Objective: Report final safety and efficacy data from the N-MOmentum trial of inebilizumab in NMOSD. Methods: Participants with NMOSD (aged 18+, EDSS score of ≤8, recent history of attacks) were randomized 3:1 to inebilizumab or placebo monotherapy for 28 weeks or up to attack occurrence;the randomized controlled period (RCP). Primary outcome was time to adjudicated attack. Participants could then enter the inebilizumab open label period (OLP). Final study data are presented, including attack risk and safety outcomes. Results: Of the 230 participants randomized and dosed, 216 (93.9%) entered and 174 (80.6%) completed the OLP. In the RCP, 87.0% were attack free with inebilizumab and 59.9% with placebo (72.8% risk reduction, p<0.001). In the OLP, 87.7% were attackfree in those continuing inebilizumab and 83.4% in those switched from placebo. Regardless of randomization, 225 participants received inebilizumab. Mean (SD) treatment duration was 3.2 (1.4) years;36.8% were treated for >4 years (maximum of 5.5 years). Total exposure was 730.36 person-years (py) with an annualized attack rate of 0.092;40/63 (63.5%) attacks occurred in the first year. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AE) were reported by 89 (39.6%) participants, most frequently urinary tract infection (26.2%), nasopharyngitis (20.9%) and arthralgia (17.3%). Infusion-related reactions with inebilizumab occurred in 28 (12.9%) participants (rate per 100-py: whole study, 11.1;RCP, 37.6). The rate (95% confidence interval) of infections per 100-py did not increase with continued treatment: year 1, 116.3 (102.4-131.6);year 2, 68.1 (57.2-80.6);year 3, 61.9 (50.3-75.5);year 4, 55.1 (41.7-71.4). 105 participants had transient low IgG (<700 mg/dL) during treatment, but no correlations were found between the worst IgG, IgM or IgA levels recorded and the occurrence of any infection or an infection ≥ grade 3 (Fisher exact test, all p>0.05). Three trial participants died: one from complications of NMOSD attack, one from a CNS event of unclear etiology and one due to COVID-19, after 9, 224 and 1225 days of inebilizmab treatment, respectively. Conclusions. During the 5.5 years of N-MOmentum, the risk of attack in participants receiving inebilizumab remained low with no evidence of unexpected serious adverse events, including serious infection.